A critical analysis of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) Essay

A basic examination of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) - Essay Example The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is an asset for youth care and instruction specialists to help the necessities of little youngsters under their consideration. It sets guidelines for learning, improvement and care for kids as long as five years old. EYFS gives a wide assortment of data on kid improvement to assist professionals with seeing how kids develop and what they have to assist them with streamlining their possibilities (Tickell, 2011). The utilization of this asset will viably empower youth settings to meet the key results sketched out in Every Child Matters and to guarantee that top notch administration is given to the kids. Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) In youth, thinking about all youngsters includes numerous contemplations. One is to see every kid at their own formative level and make exercises and openings suitable to their specific levels. The kid needs to grow comprehensively, which means each formative territory is concentrated on so development and impro vement all in all individual results. The essential regions of advancement that should be stressed in early learning are Personal, social and enthusiastic turn of events; Communication and language Physical turn of events (Department of Education, 2012). Beside these significant territories, the youngsters likewise need to create abilities in proficiency, arithmetic, understanding the world and expressive expressions and structure (Department of Education, 2012) These are completely connected together, as being developed in one zone influences the others. The professional needs cautious arranging and usage of exercises with the goal that kids under their consideration develop in all zones. The EFYS works around four basic topics to be specific: A one of a kind kid; positive connections; empowering conditions and learning and improvement (Department of Education, 2012). These topics are quickly clarified as follows. Every kid is brought into the world with their own arrangement of gi fts and possibilities, and these are intended to be built up all for an incredible duration. The specialist is to enable the kid to build up their possibilities to the fullest by giving him exercises and encounters to sharpen his aptitudes. In the event that the youngster shows affinity for human expressions, the expert permits the person in question to enjoy inventive exercises important to the kid (Tickell, 2011). EYFS’s subject of constructive connections empowers kids to experience childhood in conditions that cause them to feel love and security from their homes or learning situations, causing them to grow up to act naturally sure, self-moving individuals. Strong grown-ups assist youngsters with understanding the feelings they experience, particularly if these sentiments are negative and befuddling to the kid (outrage, disillusionment, envy, and so forth.). In being comprehended, the kids themselves figure out how to be touchy to others’ sentiments and give a simi lar help and comprehension to them, making a circle The key of positive connections. The results indicated in Every Child Matters are met in such positive situations (Department of Education, 2012). The subject of arrangement of empowering conditions for kids assume a key job in aiding and controlling kids in developing to be skilled people. This involves a practitioner’s sharp perception of every youngster, with regards to their inclinations, abilities, character qualities, and so on and get signs from the kids themselves concerning how they might want their figuring out how to be organized. Cautious arranging of exercises for kids ought to consider significant ideas and aptitudes they ought to learn at their formative level. Once more, this concurs with the constructivists’ perspective on children’

When does compensation time start under the fair labor standards act Assignment

When does remuneration time start under the reasonable work measures act - Assignment Example Clemens, 328 U.S 680. Notwithstanding, there was a few corrections into the Act in 1949 which permitted that compensability of the changing garments or washing garments toward the start of every workday ought to be the subject of suitably dedicated to the aggregate dealing. In spite of the fact that the approach was reasonable for the laborers, the strategy was best taken care of in the aggregate haggling of the workers. Besides, the term dress is a general significance. Garments can mean anything worn by an individual, for example, dress, shirt o pants. It has no other extraordinary significance which implies when somebody says that should be made up for wearing garments, the court can't hold that choice as it is ludicrous to repaid an individual for simply wearing the garments. Defensive dress is both essential and key piece of the fundamental exercises which unmistakably show the representative as secured and consequently can pull in remuneration. In the Sandifer V. US steel corp., the thing being talked about was never recognized as defensive apparel. Regardless of the way that the term â€Å"changing† garments was given a more extensive importance during the revision to incorporate transforming one garments to wear working garments or putting over another layer of fabric; whether one decides to change the garments when in answering to work or when on landing in the working environment is an absolutely close to home decision. One can just decide to do such things. For example, a specialist may pick to wear the working garments while still at home while the other would wear it when one report to the activity. In the two situations, it involves individual decision. In such a situation, it turns out to be difficult to consider pay for time spent in â€Å"changing clothes†. Applying the standard as talked about above, wearing and doffing off dress as introduced by the offended party must be deciphered as â€Å"changing clothes†. Out of the twelve things under the suit presented by Sandifer as

Various Genetic Disorders Essays - Cytogenetics, Free Essays

Different Genetic Disorders Essays - Cytogenetics, Free Essays Different Genetic Disorders Different Genetic Disorders Adjustments in human chromosomes or the erasure of a significant quality item are frequently because of a transformation, which can spring a bounteous strand of hereditary changes and inappropriate coding. Changes can spring from cancellation, duplication or reversal of a chromosome. This inappropriate erasure is the factor that prompts complexities and at last hereditary issue. Turner Syndrome and Cat-cry Syndrome are the two modifications of chromosome structure because of cancellation. In Turner Syndrome, there is a missing X chromosome and in the Cat-cry Syndrome chromosome-18 has been lost or erased. Other hereditary issue that offer ascent to conversation are point transformations which incorporate Sickle cell weakness, Maternal PKU and the hereditary issue of The D1 Trisomy condition. Turner Syndrome was depicted first by Turner in 1938 (Jack H. Hung 1989 p.45) and it was built up that this issue was because of the erasure of a X chromosome in 1959 by Ford, Jones, Polani, de Ameida and Briggs. The most transcendent characteristics of the individuals who have this issue comprise of being short, having neck webbing with a low hairline and having a generally separated chest. Turner Syndrome ailment is anything but a lethal infection as long as there is the board of conceivable heart issues and ovarian brokenness. Early help and directing are the key in managing mental issues that may emerge, for example, fruitlessness and potential hearing misfortune. Feline cry Syndrome is another cancellation issue in which inhibitor endures very well. Lejeune perceived this issue in 1964 and he gave it the official name of La Maladie du Cri-du-Chat. The physical qualities are obvious in this issue. There is a round moon-face, a low birth weight and a transverse palmar wrinkle. At the point when newborn children are conceived, it is their cry that stands apart the most. It typifies a mournful sharp cry, frail, and with a trace of stridor that seems like that of a feline (Valtine 1969 p.113). This cry is the consequence of little vocal strings and a bended epiglottis. As these babies become more established their voice will in the long run develop and turn out to be increasingly ordinary. The chromosome erasure is a piece of the short arm of a B bunch chromosome. It appears that the cancellation comes to fruition as a possibility incident, a break and afterward a misfortune at anaphase (Valtine 1969 p.114). Sickle cell ailment is another turmoil however isn't brought about by the cancellation of a chromosome. Rather there is an irregular kind of hemoglobin S that is acquired as an autosomal acquired characteristic. This malady produces interminable pallor, which may become hazardous when hemolytic emergencies (the breakdown of redblood cells) or aplastic emergencies (bone marrow neglects to create platelets) happen (wcu.edu/library/on the web/index.htm). The occurrence of this issue is 1/400 African Americans and 8/100,000 individuals. The signs of this malady are a consequence of the delicacy and rigidity of the sickle red bloodcells. At the point when presented to an absence of water, contamination, and low oxygen flexibly, these sensitive red platelets take the state of a bow. This at that point causes platelet destruction and thickening of the blood. Sickle cell iron deficiency can possibly be hazardous and can influence other body frameworks and parts of the body. Those included are the sensory system, bones, the kidneys and the liver. Maternal PKU is a hereditary issue that comes from point transformation. 1/15,000 individuals succumb to the turmoil. Phenylketonuria (PKU) has been appeared as a reason for impediment in baby hatchlings. Youngsters in the embryo start with a typical measure of phenylalanine hydroxylase yet are influenced by the mother's raised phenylalanine level because of the unevenness of pre-birth amino corrosive (Kenneth Lyons Jones, M.D. 1988). Mental inadequacy is unmistakably clear in scatter and normally comprises of I.Q.s of 50. There are visit gentle indications of brokenness and there are mellow attributes of a round face, flimsy upper lip, a little improved nose and a disfigured maxilla. Periodic irregularities that are as often as possible related with this issue are sacral spine inconsistencies, congenital fissure and crabbiness. The D1 Trisomy Syndrome is an extremely uncommon frightful sickness that happens during the hour of outset. Just barely over twelve cases on record. This determination can regularly be made during childbirth because of the reliable variations from the norm. The infant is delicate, diminutive, and

New Keynesian Phillips curve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New Keynesian Phillips bend - Essay Example Then, New Keynesians (described by the consideration of microeconomic establishments in Keynesian hypothesis as a response to the New Classical School), varies from conventional Keynesians by contending that over the long haul both a functioning financial approach and a broad money related strategy are impartial and have no impact in total interest, coming back to balance. Likewise, New Keynesians additionally accept that a sweeping financial approach, joined with a functioning monetary arrangement, would just prompt inflationary desires, prompting more issues over the long haul. Be that as it may, notwithstanding these suppositions, New Keynesians despite everything accepts that administration adjustment, particularly through both money related and monetary approaches, is as yet helpful to the economy particularly in the midst of financial stuns, given that wages and costs are clingy. Furthermore, New Keynesians vary from Traditional Keynesians by contending that financial operators consistently act reasonably. ... conomic thought, ostensible inflexibility (alluding to the tenacity of wages and costs) is really a focal topic, wherein costs really neglect to change immediately concerning changes in monetary conditions, for example, changes in total interest. Because of the idea of ostensible rigidities, New Keynesian Economists really contend that in the short-run, government adjustment through fiscal strategy can be gainful in diminishing joblessness and expanding yield if there is a nearness of startling negative financial stuns. Furthermore, it is such rigidities, joined with genuine rigidities that really lead to fragmented ostensible alteration. The inquiry that may emerge here is that: why cost responds so gradually to adjusting monetary conditions? There are a few models that are figured by New Keynesian Economists to clarify this marvel. One of the most well known models is the ostensible unbending nature models, as clarified by Calvo and Taylor. In the model of Taylor (1980), firms real ly change costs as indicated by multi intermittent agreements. In this model, the supposition that will be that such agreements may really prompt the change of value levels as per financial unsettling influences. In any case, in all actuality, the modification of costs comes at an amazed premise, on the grounds that not all on-screen characters in the economy change costs each period; it is this stunned change of costs that outcomes to the moderate change of costs and wages in the economy to unsettling influences. For this situation, there are occurrences wherein total interest is resolved after the main costs are set. In any case, firms who can alter their costs first really consider different firms who have not yet changed their costs, and results to a circumstance wherein value setters really change their costs, despite the fact that not very a long way from the

Self-evaluation Essay Example

Self-assessment Essay Basically stated, I have taken in a lot about myself as an instructor, mother, and individual while taking this course. The readings and questions introduced through the coursework, moved me to delve profound into my own advancement from adolescence to adulthood and apply these discoveries to my educating. For example, I discovered that at specific occasions from before, I got some distance from understanding certain attributes about myself. However this course gave the instruments to me to pick up knowledge in my general turn of events. As I perceive portions of myself now, I am better ready to channel and utilize this information in understanding my understudies. I presently understand that life isn't a progression of inconsequential, confounding occasions. There is an immediate connection between's what I accept to be valid about myself and what occurs in material reality. My life has unfurled dependent on designs that have developed because of my most profound, oblivious convictions. On the off chance that I need to push ahead a progressively positive way, I should reveal the examples that are keeping me stuck set up. The main necessity for this activity is a receptive outlook and heart and an ability to see my job in making the conditions I presently face. For one thing, thinking back in my first online course, I recollect that my principle inspiration at that point was to simply put forth a valiant effort and substantiate myself to the gathering. What I found however, was in effect piece of a connecting with trade of thoughts and intriguing readings. Through the reactions, I increased a feeling of the inspiration of others in the partner and found that albeit originating from various foundations and points of view, we as a whole offer the enthusiasm to see our understudies learn and succeed. In the gatherings, there was plainly an elevated level of development in the gathering which encouraged incredible discussion. I wish we could have done this disconnected, now and again. Presently I realize that I can make the strides important to would what I like to do. I realize that I need to perceive that the initial step is really the most troublesome. At the point when I tune in to people around me who debilitate me from doing what I need to do, I undercut myself and I become angry on a profound level and even start to deny that I have dreams. I have to give myself authorization to seek after what I need to do with the goal that I can land fulfillment from my position. What's more, this fantasy is to be a viable teacher for youthful personalities. We will compose a custom exposition test on Self-assessment explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Self-assessment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Self-assessment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer I recollect plainly that during the main phase of the course, we were tested to create two inquiries in moving toward this course.â One of my inquiries was â€Å"How do New York City Public Schools coordinate famous youngster and juvenile turn of events and research speculations into program preparation?†Ã¢ In investigating this inquiry, it shows up aloof in nature as though the weight lays on the shoulders of regions and executives to be recognizable improvement explore as it identifies with the study hall. Be that as it may, as an instructor it is my obligation to be capable not exclusively to have a comprehension of improvement, yet to join this information into my ordinary educating. For instance, in covering language improvement, we investigated the main hypotheses on how kids learn language.â As an educator who works with center school specialized curriculum understudies, it was intriguing to take note of the various perspectives on language advancement. I had the o ption to apply my encounters as a mother and educator to the readings and reactions. This obviously, has helped take the suspicions off the way. I thought adolescents learned language to concrete investigated based perceptions. The genuine improvement process I saw with my girl combined with what I gained from readings and content is the thing that made what I realized important and powerful. Identified with this, I additionally understood that I have to design a rich and changed educational program proper to the ages and experience of the youngsters. Educational program arranging and arrangement of materials is another type of backhanded direction that must be finished. When there is a wide assortment of fascinating and fitting exercises gave, and enough grown-ups are accessible to react to youngsters as they take part in the exercises, there is next to no rowdiness in a gathering. Then again, if learning encounters are foolish, or are excessively simple or excessively troublesome, youngsters may make trouble. Weariness is one of the significant reasons for misconduct and can be a purpose behind a formerly agreeable youngster turned wicked. Presently I realize that if kids are wild, one of the primary spots to look is at the extravagance of the educational program contributions. In the event that the educational plan is discovered needing, it is far simpler to change tha n the kids. I found that the discussion identified with Family and Physical improvement was a decent setting to portray my relationship with my folks. My dad was plainly a definitive parent, however I noticed that his impact urged me to be engaged and be resolved to succeed. However, his child rearing style regularly left me feeling like I would never be effective enough to satisfy him. Understanding the child rearing styles portrayed in the content, has improved my comprehension of the relationship understudies have with their folks. Despite the fact that what I realized is just on a superficial level degree of the brain research of parent-kid connections, it will without a doubt demonstrate important in working with my understudies and guardians during the coming year. Presumably the most huge exercise for me this semester was finishing the decent variety paper. I chose to peruse, Memoirs of Geisha, an interesting anecdote about the lives and secret encompassing the geishas of Japan.â Reading this story gave me understanding into a culture I constantly needed to find out about. All the more significantly however, it made me challenge my convictions and constrained me to apply the readings and the information found out about culture and advancement to what I was reading.â From the story, I discovered that both nature, what is inward, and sustain, the earth wherein one lives, are both engaged with the turn of events. Preceding this, I felt one’s improvement was either impacted ordinarily or condition and that one assumes a progressively huge job in the advancement procedure. Be that as it may,  I now know the course of advancement continues relying upon the mind boggling interaction between the two powers. Through the span of this meeting, I have analyzed intently the way that prompted my instructing and to Teaching Fellows. I surmise my experience filling in as substitute instructor in Newark Public School ingrained in me the longing to show Special Education.â Just as I perceived in Critical Links, an exploration abridgment of 64 examinations distributed by the Arts Education Partnership, Deasy (2002), the impact of expressions might be more prominent on the scholarly learning for understudies with incapacities and extraordinary adapting needs, understudies living in neediness, and understudies learning English as a subsequent language, than for everybody of students.â In our latest conversation on media utilization and its effect in the homeroom, I accept that incorporating human expressions and physical action improves students’ psychological, social and scholastic expertise advancement. I know since I need to be an instructor of activity and empower my understudies, who are so defenseless against their own companions and condition, to get included and be dynamic members in their own turn of events. I surmise I need to engage these people, particularly as I think back to perceive how my folks enabled me as well, even as they filled in as definitive figures in my initial life. Additionally, I likewise review what the NAEYC’s Position Statement expresses that Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs unmistakably clarifies and gives examine proof to help the incentive in youth programs. I am currently increasingly mindful that successful direction necessitates that I figure out how to consider numerous variables as I choose what to do and what to state to impact children’s conduct. My own childhood, my experience, and my insight into what is viewed as best for youngsters will be significant components. The estimations of societyâ€goals and standards individuals love and cherish in establishments and essential records are critical to educators and will impact what we do and say to kids. Genuine idea as a rule goes into direction that is adequately completed by educators. Despite the fact that the grown-ups I watch appear to act immediately, they likely have contemplated the sort of individuals they need their youngster s to turn into. They utilize that foundation of reasoning each time they interface with kids. Plainly as we see in New York City study halls, we encourage the absolute generally defenseless and high hazard gathering to social issues. Substance misuse, liquor misuse or reliance, parental maltreatment and disregard, savagery, destitution, and separation are among the social issues that the adolescent are confronted with. On liquor misuse, for instance, Thomas and Seibold (1995) found that youthful grown-ups drink to adapt to issues, for example, forlornness, absence of acknowledgment and when they want to do as such (refered to by David M. Eggers 1996). Then again, Beck, Thombs and Summons (Eggers 1996) fight that the main purpose behind juvenile drinking is because of companion acknowledgment, which they allude to as the constrain one puts on them to be accepted.â They additionally found that liquor misuse â€Å"usually doesnt become possibly the most important factor until these youthful grown-ups are now every now and again drinking.† To youthful grown-ups, â€Å"d rinking to get alcoholic is all piece of the social setting of messing around with friends.†  While drinking isn't the greatest issues that I battle with in my study halls, there is the expanding bid to packs and rough conduct. Given my more profound und

The Universal Human Experience of In Our Time - Literature Essay Samples

The voice of his generation, Ernest Hemingway, captured the many complex emotions of Americans during the World War I era and provided clarity to his peers through his famous collection In Our Time. Through the stories and vignettes, Hemingway sheds light upon World War I by depicting very moving, real snapshots from before, during, and after the war. Hemingway explores the devastating affects of war on society by telling the stories of Nick Adams and others. By using a number of diverse characters in similar life situations, Hemingway emphasizes the generality of the human experience and highlights the issues of his generation. In the concluding stories of In Our Time, Hemingway ties together themes of survival in the world and how universal the human experience is.In Our Time is essentially the story of the life of Nick Adams as a boy growing into a man. Many critics have disputed whether the work is a bildungsroman book or not, but the development of Nicks character throughout the stories ensures that it is. The compilation of stories and vignettes must fall under the category of bildungsroman literature, considering how they show Nicks- and perhaps every boys progressive right of passage. The reader watches the naÃÆ'Â ¯ve boy who felt quite sure that he never would die in Indian Camp gradually grow into to the man we later see come back from war. Along the way, Nick Adams matures in the successive stories: he regrets his decision to break up with Marjorie in The Three Day Blow, prepares himself to be tough in The Battler, degrades the war as a wounded soldier in Chapter VI, and eventually attempts to recover from and reflect on all his encounters in Big Two-Hearted River. The story of Nick Adams (and that of other soldiers who fill in as the protagonist) is told by Hemingway sequentially as Nick becomes a man. In My Old Man, Hemingway revisits the theme of the father-son bond and the maturation of a young boy that was established earlier in India n Camp and The Doctor and the Doctors Wife. At this point in the stories, however, the reader knows that Nick is preparing to return home from Europe. Because our protagonist is older and returning from war now, this story seems to break the flow of the book at first. Its placement just before Big Two-Hearted River is interesting for this reason. In hearing the story of young Joe and his father, the reader instinctively may assume this is a parallel to Nicks youth, as they both must have the experience of losing their father.Whether or not Nick is the actual protagonist of My Old Man, we as readers realize that Nick has shared the same experience of this substitute protagonist. The reader understands at this point, thanks to Hemingways conditioning, that the identity of the character himself is basically unimportant. Joe is simply filling in as a substitute for Nick, as many of the other characters of the story are, to reinforce the theme of universality of the human experienc e. As in many of the other stories, the experiences of these characters are seemingly interchangeable. The reader sees poor little Joe lose his beloved father in a brutal racing accident in My Old Man, stripping him of everything he has in the world. When the innocent Joe hears men calling his father a crook, he is deeply hurt. This changed Joe notes, I dont know. Seems like when they get started they dont leave a guy nothing (p.129). In the accident he has lost his father, but when the men were talking he lost more: he lost the memory of his father, he lost his role model, and his hope. By the end of My Old Man, Hemingway has created the lasting feeling of being all alone in the world and without hope, as we are led back into the life of Nick Adams in Big Two-Hearted River.Accordingly, in the next (and final) story of In Our Time, we find Nick alone in the wilderness. Big Two-Hearted River introduces the reader to a new set of problems for Nick, who has of course returned from the war, but not unaffected. Although we may have expected Nick to return to his family as a glorious war veteran would, this is far from reality. Interestingly enough, Nick Adams is secluded from society throughout the final story, fishing, camping, and observing the nature around him. Perhaps he is alone so that he can regain all that he has lost during the war, most importantly, his sanity. In Part I, it is evident that the war left Nick empty, disillusioned, and unable to function in a normal society. Hemingway reinforces this feeling of isolation by portraying Nick as alone in the woods, secluded from society yet free from it at the same time. In an attempt to recover from the war, Nick spends his time alone in the woods of Northern Michigan, where he can become one with nature and free his mind from the complexities of American society. Nick is similar to Krebs from Soldiers Home in this way: both experience the same disillusionment upon returning from war and neither can muster up the energy to deal with the consequences of the world around them. At this point, Nick clearly did not want any consequences. He did not want any consequences ever again. He wanted to live along without consequences, which is why he returns to the woods where he can be alone and free (p. 71).Hemingways stark prose is famous for its straightforwardness and lack of emotion, but Big Two-Hearted River is noticeably drier than the rest of In Our Time. Especially in Part I, Hemingway does the unimaginable: he simplifies his writing even more than the reader has grown accustomed to while reading this collection of stories. The purpose for this oversimplification is most likely to emphasize the state of mind that Nick is in. Nick simplifies every move that he makes, as he has returned to his boyhood. Nick has even abandoned all his needs except for those that are purely physiological: Nick felt happy. He felt he had left everything behind, the need for thinking, the nee d to write, other needs. It was all back of him (p. 134). The only things Nick does in Part I of Big Two-Hearted River are to satisfy the basic needs for food and shelter. He clearly has put the need for thinking behind him, as he forgets simple things such as water for his coffee.Much of Nicks surroundings in Big Two-Hearted River represent his inner psychological state. The reader has the chance to see the world through Nicks eyes as he methodically sets up camp along the river. Throughout the story, the reader becomes Nicks psychologist, and can easily analyze his extensive description of the surrounding nature, which he observes endlessly in Part I. Like the town of Seney that he passes, Nick is burnt out when he returns from war. Seney and its charred remnants represent Nicks emotional scars after World War I. First, Nick is amazed as he watches the fish remain steady in the current, and observes their behavior intensely. Nick tries to imitate the steadiness of the fis h throughout the story, as he meticulously sets up camp, cooks food, and gradually walks up the river. Just as the grasshopper that Nick picks up is blackened, Nick, too, has been deeply scarred by the war. While inspecting one of the many black grasshoppers he sees, Nick wondered how long they would stay that way (p. 136). On a deeper level, he is wondering about himself, wondering how long he will remain damaged by the war. Nicks psychological state in Part I of Big Two-Hearted River should come as no surprise to the reader, especially after reading Soldiers Home. Surely Nick is not the only veteran who feels that his home is different upon return from war. Veterans are known to feel this exact sense of disappointment after experiencing the horrors of war, known as shell shock since World War I. Hemingway paints a very realistic picture of this shell shock in both Nick and Krebs, who is also numb upon returning to the states in Soldiers Home. Like Krebs, Nick cannot stand t o do anything that might complicate his life. Every veteran deals with the trauma of war differently in spite of this shared reaction. While Krebs sat at home without motivation to we see that Nick reminisces of his boyhood by camping out in the woods and fishing.In between the two parts of Big Two-Hearted River is an interesting anecdote about men who are once again in the face of death in Chapter XV. As five men are prepared for their hanging, they are scared out of their minds, understandably. Somehow the priest insensitively tells the most frightened one, Sam Cardinella, to be a man, my son. By saying this, the priest implies that it is childish for him to be afraid, and a real man would not be so scared of death. This leads us into the final story, the second part of Big Two-Hearted River, in which Nick seemingly learns to be a man and stand things.As we return to Part II of Big Two-Hearted River, the reader finds Nick waking up to a new day in the Northern Michigan woods. Nick shows improvement psychologically, as he was excited. He was excited by the early morning and the river, in which he wants to go fishing (p.145). Nick even eats breakfast in spite of his excitement, because he knows he should, indicating that he is beginning to think about things again rather than mindlessly go through the motions of life as he was in Part I. Nick savors everything: the flapjacks he ate for breakfast, the camp, everything about fishing in the cold river. Nick slowly develops and recovers while fishing on the river. He battles with the largest fish he has ever heard of in an intense battle scene. Similar to Maera the bullfighters story, in this battle man and animal become one. These two hearts of the river are battling each other in a unifying fight, until Nick loses the fish. Nicks prior disillusionment upon returning home from war is beginning to fade as he rejoices in his fishing. Slowly the disappointment left him. It went away slowly, the feelin g of disappointment that came sharply (p. 151). Although he refers to the disappointment of losing a fish, Nick also could be acknowledging that his feeling of disillusionment from the war is now slowly going away. After catching two trout, Nick looks into the swamp and has an inner debate over whether to go into such a tragic adventure. Nicks decision not to enter the swamp and to postpone it until a later -but undeclared, of course- date shows his newfound maturity. At the end of Part II, Nick has instilled hope in the reader by showing signs of recovery. Since the war, Nick has put his complex issues behind him and learned to stand things so that he can function in society. Nick, and the other interchangeable protagonists of the novel, have either learned to stand their world or have gotten lost in it or died. Through In Our Time, Hemingway has, like Nick Adams, pieced together his revelations in a meaningful way that provides understanding of the human experience.

Bacteriological Warfare in History

Bacteriological Warfare in History Today, when we speak about a bacteriological warfare, the image that flashes in our minds is almost certain that of people in white coats mixing something in test tubes, or of people in environmental suits loading some extremely deadly staff in a ballistic missile. It may come as a surprise for many people to know that germ warfare is not a new thing at all, though the term is. Klaus Bergdolt in his book â€Å"The Black Death in Europe† says that as far as in the 14th century the Tartar khan Janibek used biological weapon, though, of course, in rather a crude fashion, against the denizens of Kaffa, a fortress in the Crimea. When the city was already about to fall, the Black Death (i.e., the bubonic plague), an extremely lethal disease, previously unknown in Europe, came from the East, decimating the Tartar ranks. They, however, managed to turn the situation in their favor, tying the bodies of those who died of the plague to the cannonballs and firing at the town with them. The Black Death immediately broke out within the city walls, inducing the horrified citizens to try and leave the trap, unwillingly spreading the scourge across the whole Europe – first bringing it to Sicily, then to Italy and France. Less than in one year the disease reached as far as England and Scandinavia, leaving thousands of unburied corpses in its wake. The pestilence seemed even more frightening, as it seemed to prefer the young and healthy to the older people. Due to the inadequacy of the medicine of that period, more than a third of Europe’s population died of the disease in four years. Such facts can only be described as a successful result of the bacteriological war – something that hasn’t actually happened ever since, in the age when the methods are much more elaborate and refined.

High School Vs. College - 1149 Words

Jessel Vitto Professor Grunow Writing 1010 October 26, 2015 High School vs. College Graduating from high school is what every student is looking forward to. However, going to college is a big accomplishment for all students. The first day of freshman high school and college feels the same, the excitement and pressured. As many students experienced, both high school and college could be compared their similarities. First, both students in college and high school are expected to behave in well mannered, attend to every class on time, and respect the teachers or professors. Second, being prepared in class is needed for the success whether the students are in high school or college. Third, high school and college allow the students to figure out and pursue their career. In contrary, high school and college have a lot of differences to each other. Unlike high school, students in college can choose a college they would prefer, they can manage their own time, and students be able to learn how to balance their responsibilities and priorities. The location is very important to choose a school when it comes to education. Everyone would want to know how the school environment is and if it’s a good school. A high school student doesn t have that much of a choice to pick any school they want. For example, if Mary lives in Westland, then she has to go to a high school that is in Westland unless she chose to go to a private or charter school. She would have the advantage to take theShow MoreRelatedCollege Vs. High School858 Words   |  4 PagesCollege Vs. High School Some may think that high school and college reading and writing are similar and that it’s just the next level up but it s not, they differentiate in many ways. College reading and writing is more than that, it’s a completely different world when compared to high school. 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College High school and college are both higher education institutions that enlighten students; however, there are many differences between the two that make them both unique. In high school, the goal is to gain a broad understanding of numerous subjects so that when they arrive to college, they have an understanding of their interests, goals, dreams, and what it takes to pursue their potential career. High school works as a place for students toRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1236 Words   |  5 Pages201    High school vs. College Having a great education is the best legacy in life. It is a proven fact. This accomplishment requires moving on from high school, as well as from college. Moving from high school to college might be an energizing change, yet it is additionally an exceptionally troublesome one. It is a test that the understudy will battle with and in the end change in accordance with after some time. 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Pros and Cons of Building a Casino in Your Neighborhood

Pro’s †¢ New Jobs †¢ Entertainment †¢ Expand Tourism †¢ Contribution to Community †¢ Contribution to Charitable Organizations †¢ Lower taxes for Residents †¢ Tax Revenues †¢ Higher Wages †¢ Higher Property Value †¢ Extends Visitors Stay in Area †¢ Money put back into Local Economy †¢ Adds to a City †¢ Attracts People †¢ Traffic of People – Better Known Con’s †¢ Street Crime †¢ Prostitution †¢ Takes from Local businesses †¢ No New Businesses †¢ Erosion of Work Ethic †¢ Pathological Gamblers †¢ Increased Bankruptcy Rates †¢ Preys on Poor and Elderly †¢ Lost Productivity †¢ Traffic Congestion †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦The people buying the tax-free tobacco are not even contributing to the state budget, part of which in part pays for the huge cost of tobacco smoke and leads many to develop lung disease. Questions, discussions, and opinions are on a rise to whether a new casino should be built in Buffalo, New York. If we ask what benefits, or what economic development will this casino bring to the community there would not be enough answers as to compare to the negative effects it will actually bring. This essay will discuss the economic impacts, social and opportunity costs brought by casinos from economist researchers who have showed significant points to why casino worsen the economy and making it harder for local businesses and employment opportunity. To answer the question, â€Å"What is economic development?†Dr. Grinols professor of economics at Baylor University and author of Gambling in America: cost and benefits, 2004 said, â€Å"When indivi duals undertake productive activity, they engage in the creation of goods and service that provide greater welfare or satisfaction than the inputs used.† (Grinols 2004). Economic development is the creation of greater value by society from its available resources which means greater income and wealth, which lead to greater utility for members of society (Grinols 2004). Dr. GrinolsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Reparations for Native Americans1881 Words   |  8 PagesCollin Brooke Term paper Native American Reparations: Pro or Con? The subject of paying some sort of reparations to Native Americans is a hot topic, and views range from the popular Fox News commentator Glen Beck who is very against reparations to the University of Colorado former Professor, Ward Churchill who is for reparations. President Obama himself has also put of his input on the topic with speeches both during the Presidential campaign and after his Inauguration. This paper seeks toRead MoreWal-mart case analysis. This paper includes SWOT/TOWS analysis, PEST analysis, environemental scan and strategic analysis.5493 Words   |  22 Pagescompared to fiscal year 2003, Wal-Mart stores segment experience a 9.1% increase in operating profit and a 10.9% increase in sales in fiscal year 2004 Ø Domestic expansion resulted from the addition of 139 new discount stores, Supercenters and Neighborhood markets, as well as 130 conversion and/or relocation from Discount stores to Supecenters. Ø Internationally, Wal-Mart added 83 units net of clothings. Worldwide square footage increased approximately 46 million per square or *%. B. STRATEGICRead MoreCrm in Supermarkets30832 Words   |  124 PagesSpecial recognition is due for the many food industry executives who shared their precious time and information through surveys and interviews. Without the vision and efforts of these industry leaders, the information in this report would not be in your hands today. Their sacrifice is the food industry’s gain. 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Nothing about this singular and rather marginal branch of mathematics would at this time have suggested its later encounter with economics.1 The analogy between economic activity and what goes on in casinos was only suggested much later, in a far diï ¬â‚¬erent economic environment than that which these two mathematicians would have been able to observe. One could say that J. Von Neumann was the person who both conferred a sense of scientiï ¬ c legitimacy

Media Influence On The Media - 1973 Words

Every day we rely on the news to keep us abreast of the state of affairs in our lives. From the tiniest of towns to the largest sprawling metropolis we need our news to be accurate, objective and we need it fast. As times change not only does the way in which we get our news change but in how it is presented to us. Biases in our media have always existed but the public’s distrust of the media because of these biases is quite high. Recent polls show that nearly 80 percent of Americans believe that the media influenced by influenced by the powerful and that they tend to favor one side of issues over another (Keiner, 2013, p. 401). A Pew Research Center poll conducted in 2011 found that 77 percent of respondents believed news organizations tend to favor one side over the other (Keiner, 2013, p. 405). Much like beauty, bias is in the eye of the beholder. Conservatives have long believed that the mainstream media have liberal ideologies and that they unfairly skew their news reporting in favor of a liberal or progressive viewpoint (Keiner, 2013, p. 403). One particular case in point was during the Presidential election race between President Obama and Former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney. In a Pew Research poll, 46 percent of respondents believed that the press coverage was fair. However, when only Republicans were asked, 60 percent believed that the media gave favorable coverage to President Obama (Keiner, 2013, p. 409). Furthering their argument was during the secondShow MoreRelatedMedia Influence On The Media1721 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The topic of how the media influence governmental issues is confounded, yet in its most fundamental definition, the right response to it is this: It depends. Albeit early standard way of thinking held that the media had solid, direct, supposed hypodermic impacts, later research gives persuading proof that individual-level and logical elements essentially impact the degree to which media influence individuals political conduct and convictions and, in the long run, open arrangementRead MoreMedia Influence On The Media993 Words   |  4 Pageswhich are known as technology. And media is the one of the powerful tool of this world, they can do anything. Media is the way to translate different news, videos, music over the people. I think media influence the most about the sexuality. Media influence me by showing different sexual stories in the newspaper, by posting videos and picture on the website, and by watching different sexual videos on movies influence the most about sexuality. It is a positive influence because we can get the knowledgeRead MoreMedia Influences On The Media1362 Words   |  6 PagesMedia is a very powerful factor in today’s world, it influences the way that the public thinks about situations and problems in today’s society. News and social media put out there own thoughts of a problem in the country. When they do this, it gives a perspective to the general people to base off of and make a conclusion on the situation. The media such as news on television and internet can be manipulating minds of the general public to believe what they say. Media actually has there own opinionsRead MoreMedia Influence Media956 Words   |  4 PagesHow does the media influence elections and politics During the past 20 years, the media has experienced massive changes in terms of the platforms it appears in as well as the audience it reaches. While traditional forms of media such as newspapers, television, are considered to be more controlled, with the newly occurring and vastly growing online media, information reaches more people and in a rapid pace never seen before. This essay will describe how new occurrences have gained media the power toRead MoreMedia Influence Mass Media795 Words   |  4 PagesMass Media and the Influence on America and Television By. Mozelle Jones HUMANITIES In real life, we are in Mass Media and we did not even know it. Everything from you learning to just leisure involvement. The cultural products that influence mass media and has taking part is Net Flix. It has made an impact on the movie business where television can be used to see movies and mass media. Television still has an impact on cultural meanings. It shows us the news, ads, and movies that changeRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media1637 Words   |  7 Pagesdisplayed in the mass media is conditioned by wealth and power, so as a result of the concentration of power and the official censorship done by the government and corporate sources; the media follows the ideas of the elite. In order to deliver messages that support the elite’s beliefs, the media goes through five different filters that determine the information presented, this are ownership of media, funding, sourcing, flak, and fear. First, when referring to the ownership of media, it is importantRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media1543 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media publicizes a substantial amount of messages about identity and acceptable ways to express gender, sexuality and ones lifestyle, but at the same time, the viewers have their own differing feelings about the issues. The media may suggest certain feelings and actions, but the audiences feelings can never overpower self-expression completely. The media portrays certain things because it is what is being accepted. Neither parties, these being the media and its audience, have full power overRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Media Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesLusby English composition 12/1/2016 The Media s Influence    Can the media really persuade you into thinking a way about a person you have not even meet? The media can make influence you into thinking a certain way about some and also influence a choice that you could have to make about them that could change their life forever. To prove this I have researched into articles that could help me prove that the media can influence these things. First the media in the form of television can give you aRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media1703 Words   |  7 Pagescentury, mass media became widely recognized. In a period of mass availability, people today have entry to more media outlets than ever before. According to media scholar Jean Kilbourne,â€Å"the average American is exposed to over 3,000 advertisements a day and watches three years’ worth of television ads over the course of a lifetime† (back cover). It is all around us, from the shows we watch on television, the music we listen to on the radio, and to the books and magazines we read each day. Media is the numberRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media2111 Words   |  9 Pagestoday is communicated through media. Media is the most powerful and influential force in the country. The media are powerful agents of socialization and they set the standard that majority follow. The power giving to American media has allowed them to be very effective using propaganda as strategy, the media tend to say they serve to relieve social conflicts into minimum. We clearly see that the media promote social conflicts by separating class. The image that media has created in the mind of masses

The New Basketball Player A Short Story - 1874 Words

RING! RING! RING! RING! Damn what the hell! 5:45 already? â€Å"Tommy wake up Gage and Henry just pulled up and you have practice in 40 minutes† mother said. â€Å"OK mom† Tommy mumbled while yawning and stretching, as he looked up he saw two of his teammates standing in his doorway, both staring at their watches. Tommy shouted â€Å"I’ll be out in five minutes. Get out!† Tommy was always excited for the first day of practice. For the last three years he has dribbled his way to greatness; three state titles. Tommy was now a senior at Belleview Heights High school his coach had him down as a 6’0† - 165lbs point guard, but he knew only on a good day he was even 5’11†. . But that’s what coaches do they bump up all the players’ heights and even weights on the stats, hoping to psych out the opposing team. Tommy was given the nickname â€Å"Dimes† because he averaged his sophomore and junior year 14 assists per game with 10.9 points per game. Averaging a double double was an amazing feat for any point guard in the area But Tommy didn’t care this was his year to really show how well he can pass and cut. Meanwhile in the kitchen Robyn, which was Tommy’s Mother. But the kids usually just called her mom. Robyn was passing out plates of bacon and eggs, which even had hash browns as well, along to Gage who was a senior small forward at 6’5† – 210lbs he averaged 16.4 points per game last year with 9 rebounds. He was looking to average 20 points this season, he was more of an offensive player, mostlyShow MoreRelatedLetT Set A Scene Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagespractice basketball from the age of 4 until he leaves at 12. He played in rain or shine, against men that went to the college nearby. He got in their face and didn’t back down even though they were 2 or 3 times his age, over a foot taller, and about 150lbs heavier. He never asked for anyone to take it easy on him and helped his team to multiple championship appearances for his AAU team that was stacked with teams ranked in the top 25 nationally. At 12 he moves and decided to play for his new team, atRead MoreAn Acclaimed And Award-Winning Writer Of Fiction, Essays,1141 Words   |  5 Pagesworked for a few years on the staff of The New Yorker. When his writing abilities were finally noticed, he g ot the idea to start writing poetry and short stories. One poem he wrote was â€Å"Ex basketball player† its about an excellent basketball star in high school named Flick Webb, but nowadays he is merely a gas station attendant (Updike). Does John Updike pity or admire Flick? Are readers of the poem meant to pity or admire Flick? The poem â€Å"Ex Basketball player† begins with the description of road calledRead More The University of Michigan Fab Five Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesfreshmen from the University of Michigan brashly stepped over that line redefining the world of college basketball as we knew it and in the process, revolutionized the relationship between style and sport. These men were fresh in more ways than one, causing an entire nation to dub them fabulous. They brought a hip and a hop to a game that was previously flat. Anyone following college basketball loved or hated to love the Fab Five, evincing that either way five things were on peoples minds or televisionRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Get A Degree1739 Words   |  7 Pagesinternational players but only 60 will make it to the big league. Football has 224 picks, but 16,369 intend to be drafted. There is more than 480,000 compete as NCAA athletes, and just a select few within each sport move on to compete at the professional or Olympic level. NCAA Participants Approximate # Draft Eligible # Draft Picks # NCAA Drafted % NCAA to Major Pro* % NCAA to Total Pro^ Baseball 34,554 7,679 1,206 695 9.1% -- Men’s Basketball 18,684 4,152 60 44 1.1% 19.1% Women’s Basketball 16,593 3Read MoreWhat Does Eastern Religions Mean For Americans?1397 Words   |  6 PagesIt wasn’t until the late 1950’s/early 1960’s that we see the interest in Buddhism, particularly Zen Buddhism, blossom throughout the country. Through the memoir â€Å"Sacred Hoops† by Phil Jackson, an NBA player and coach, we are able to see how Zen Buddhism not only altered his life, as well as his players, but how the religion also adapts to American culture. From reading both â€Å"Sacred Hoops† and learning about Buddhism throughout this semester, I would argue that Eastern religions, specifically Zen BuddhismRead MoreHIV Came with Harsh Stereotypes and Discrimination for Many Including Magic Johnson1552 Words   |  6 Pages During the 1980s and 1990s the new HIV disease began to emerge in society and with it came harsh stereotypes and discrimination against those who contracted it. Simultaneously, one of the most talented and influential poin t guards in basketball was dominating the sport: Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson. Throughout his career Johnson gained three Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards and was admitted into the Basketball Hall of Fame (â€Å"Magic Johnson†). However, on November 7, 1991, Johnson announced his diagnosisRead MoreThe Life Of Larry Bird1332 Words   |  6 Pagesparticularly in basketball. Basketball has always been a fast-paced, exciting game to watch. The sport has even been nationally televised for decades. The game has gained special popularity because of its superstars. National Basketball Association (NBA) superstars are recognized by many as the most recognizable pro athletes. Larry Bird was one of the most famous stars of the league, and his popularity greatly increased the publics’ interest in the league. Larry Bird’s fame and basketball success wasRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Teenage Wasteland1129 Words   |  5 Pagesleads to the tainting of Donny’ s innocence over time and eventually his mysterious disappearance at the end of the story. Through symbols of innocence and corruption, Tyler demonstrates the importance of keeping one’s head clear and focused while parenting, and that using common sense and logic is far more effective than relying on idealism and hope. In the first three lines of the story, the reader is given a sense of Donny’s virtue during youth and how it has changed over time. 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Modern day rap is an evolved form of music and storytelling that began thousands of years ago in Africa with the â€Å"griots†, who were village story tellers who played a simple handmade instrument while they told stories about family, village events, and nature. As they would play their instrument, they would also talk and the two things would mix

Analysis of Government Guaranteed Bonds †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Government Guaranteed Bonds. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to focus on the economic environment and socio cultural trends in Japan that affects the craft beer industry in Australia. The economic environment refers to the various factors in the business market as well as the broader economy that affects the particular industry. The economic environment is basically classified into two types that includes- microeconomic environment and macroeconomic environment. Microeconomic environment influences the decision making of the business organizations that involves- actions of the each organization and consumers. On the other hand, macroeconomic environment impacts on the whole economy and each participants. Numerous economic factors mainly act as an external constraint on the business organizations (Prajogo, 2015). Social- cultural trends refer to the factors that affect the business organizations. These factors include customs traditions, consumers behavior of that specific country, fashion trends and activities in the market affecting the actions as well as decisions of the business. Socio-cultural perspective has been one of the vital factors that affect the decision of managers and the strategic target of the entities entering international market. One of the main socio-cultural factors that influence the business organization is the legal factors. Appropriate factor identification while analyzing the business strategically might lead to good strategic companys alignment to the society. This report highlights on the economic environment and social cultural trends of Japan that affects their craft beer industry. In this study, Japan has been chosen as the nation at which Australias craft brewery industry must expand their business. Craft beer industry in Japan can achieve success in this nation owing to its diverse beverage industry. The organic beer has been one of the Japans culture since time immemorial. In addition, microbreweries have gained huge popularity since the year 1994 as it supplies diverse tasting beers with huge style variety that seeks in matching the stress on craftsmanship, ingredient provenance and quality. It has been noted from the recent study that Japan has been one of the largest consumer of beer and has been ranked seventh largest in the year 2014.There are mainly five domestic beer producers that dominates 92% of this market in Japan. At present, these producers are now looking for investment opportunities in the overseas and produce diversifying their products. Japans economic environment influences the craft brewery business organization that operates in this nation. Macroeconomic environment are mainly huge economic factors that affect the whole economy and the business organizations either in direct or indirect way. These factors includes- Interest rates, Inflation rate, Taxes, exchange rate, rate of unemployment, savings rate, recession, depression, level of consumers confidence and discretionary income of the consumer. On the other hand, microeconomic factors that affects the business organizations includes- size of the market, demand, supply, rivalries, suppliers and distribution chain. The government of Japan has introduced economic policy, which is known as Abenomics with the help of three ways that includes monetary easing, structural change and flexible fiscal policy. This economic policy has helped this nation in stabilizing its exchange rate, stock market, improved corporate investment and enhanced business operations. In addition, the increase in consumption tax rate also adversely affected the profit margin of the business. The Japan ese government has also increased the Value added Tax (VAT) to 10% this year in order to boost growth of the business. The Australian craft beer industry must focus on both the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors before taking the decision of expanding their business in Japans market. The macroeconomic factors are explained below: Rate of inflation The rate of inflation refers to the sustained rise in the general price level of products and services that leads to decrease in purchasing power of the respective country. The central bank of Japan attempts in keeping inflation within the target level for stabilizing the economic growth of the nation. High inflation rate adversely influences the economic environment as the consumer expenditure on products and services decreases. The economy of the respective nation slows down owing to low consumer expenditure of commodities and services. On the contrary, deflation refers to decline in level of product price owing to decrease in consumers purchase and money supply (Ferraro Briody, 2017). Although this benefits the consumers, the unemployment level increases owing to decrease in business expenditure. The Government of Japan has set the target of inflation rate at 2% in order to run the economy in smooth way. Recent statistics reflects that the rate of inflation in Japan has shown sli ght variation over the years and has been below the target rate. In the year 2017, the inflation rate in Japan has slightly expanded from the previous year. As a result, the prices of breweries rise and hence the Japanese government strategized to increase sales tax. Though the price increased slightly, it did not affect the purchasing power of consumers. However, the craft brewing industry invests more in producing their product and this improved their overall productivity. The Bank of Japan (BOJ) has reduced the rate of interest to 0% and this made the currency of Japan more cheaper to the business or the individuals. Due to this low interest rate, the individuals and the business organizations preferred to keep the money in cash instead of depositing in the bank. However, this created difficulty for the craft beer companies as they had no means in transferring the funds from Yen (Japanese currency) to other currencies. On the contrary, this implementation of zero interest rate has encouraged the craft brewery business in spending or investing it in other business activities. In addition, this low interest rate enhanced the business confidence of Japan, which in turn improved their overall productivity. Moreover, it also encouraged this brewery firms in investing in riskier assets in order to secure return that potentially drives new bubbles in asset. Hence, this increased the profit margin in the craft brewery business. The craft brewers mainly accounts for 2% of the total beer sale in this nation. However, it has been reflected from recent study that tax incentives have benefitted the bigger brewery companies and hence allowed the other substitute products in dominating the Japanese market due to less cost (Lambert Schwieterman, 2012). Meanwhile, the finance industry in Japan has changed the tax rate in order to enhance competitiveness of the craft beer industry in this country. In addition, the firms in this industry attained huge profit from the increasing tax rate as the products were sold at high price. It has been forecasted by the some economist that leveling of tax will increase the growth of this industrys craft brewers in the year 2018. Volatile rate of exchange in this country has put the business activities at risk. In addition, this exchange rate has influenced the craft brewerys operating profits that have no international exports but this face vital foreign competition in the domestic market. As the craft brewery industry also operates in the global market, fluctuations in currency exchange rate adversely affects the business. However, as the firms exchanges beer products across borders, this leads to involvement of two currencies. Thus, volatile exchange rate in Japan leads to profit or loss for this particular business. Recession or financial crisis adversely affects the craft beer industry in Japan. Recession is the phase when the GDP growth rate, income, manufacturing as well as retail sales of the economy declines over the certain period. During this period of financial crisis, the sales revenue as well as profit of craft beer companies declines. As a result, the beer producer reduces hiring of new employees in business (Kose, Otrok Prasad, 2012). In addition, the producers stopped in producing new beer product and this aids in attracting less number of customers in business. The companies in this industry reduced their marketing as well as advertising expenditures, which in turn leads to loss of new as well as old customers in the business. Moreover, the quality of beer also declined in this nation owing to this financial crisis. Individuals discretionary income is defined as the income of the consumer that has been left for expenditure and saving after giving taxes and for personal necessities that includes food, shelter and clothing. It includes the amount spent on the luxury goods and clothing. As discretionary income shrinks amid the loss in job or decrease in pay, the business organizations that sells discretionary product suffers the most during recessionary period (Wetherly Otter, 2014). The craft beer business mainly focuses on the discretionary income of the individual because this amount of money that the individuals have left in order to purchase the non essential commodities and services. Due to increase in discretionary income of the individual in Japan , the craft beer firms attains higher profit as they purchases the beer product with their left amount of money. Market size refers to the total number of people in the particular market who are mainly the potential customers and sellers of a specific commodity. The organizations focus on the market size before expanding their business or launching their product in that nation. Japan is mainly driven by middle class customers and hence is the leading nation of consumer as well as producers of the commodities and services. However, they exerts significant influence in the global markets. The market size of craft beer industry in Japan has been expanding over the last few decades. In addition, the Japanese microbreweries have also expanded that was mainly utilized in trading the craft beer product at international level (Kumar, Gaur Pattnaik, 2012). Eventually, the small breweries have also improved their business by producing high quality commodities and providing quality service. The craft beer industry in Japan has a wide variety of beer types which is available at various prices. This however means that every segment of the beer market of this nation reacts to various economic cycles. As a result, both the demand and supply of various types of beer product changes according to the economic condition of Japan. It has been opined by Olajire (2012), brewing industry in Japan has been considered as recession proof. During the recession phase (2008-2009), the demand for this craft beer product in Japan reduced slightly as the consumers switched from high expensive beer to less expensive ones. Moreover, there was no decrease in supply of beer product at that phase. Now, in this expansionary phase the manufacturers of this industry have increased their production owing to increase in demand for the craft breweries and microbreweries. However, both these product have become highly expensive due to rise in demand. As a result, the large brewers of this industry atta ined huge benefits from this economics of scale. The competitors play a vital role in business success as increase in competition leads to improvement in product quality. There are several competitors in the craft beer industry in Japan. The competitors in this industry are mainly of two types that includes small breweries and large breweries. This means that small breweries faces huge competition from the large breweries with respect to types, quality and pricing of beer product. Owing to this increase in competition, the small breweries develop or innovates good quality beer product at low price in order to compete with large breweries. Suppliers influences the financial performance of business in direct way. They play a vital role in providing good quality product to the firms. This facilitates the firms in maximizing profit and attains good reputation (Hede Watne, 2015). It has been noted from the recent study that craft brewer industry has expanded for the last few decades due to new product development by the suppliers. Besides producing new product, they also provides it with high quality in order to help the firms in attracting new customers and attaining higher profitability. Distribution chain refers to the chain of intermediaries through which the product reaches to the customers end. This chain includes wholesalers, suppliers, distributors and online services. These four tier distribution system provides challenges to the small brewery firms those who are looking for expanding their business in the global market (Harrison, 2013). As the small brewery firms invest less money in distribution chain, they cannot supply the product to all consumers through online services. As a result, this benefitted the large craft beer firms in this industry as they provides the product to the customers through their own website and also attain feedback from them. This feedback facilitates the beer firms in improving the quality and design of the new product. Hence, this distribution chain helps the large companies in attaining competitive advantage over the rivals. Socio-cultural factors of Japan that influences Craft Beer industry Every business must consider socio-cultural factors of the respective nation in order to attain high revenue from the sale of product. Change in society and peoples culture of a specific nation influences the business and hence the firms should consider these two factors in order to compete with their rival firms. There are various socio-cultural factors that influences the business organization and thus the Australian craft beer company must focus before expanding their business in overseas (Hamilton Webster, 2015). These factors includes- changing consumers preferences, demographics, methods of advertising, internal business environment, communication means, consumers purchasing power, education of the consumers and growth rate of the population in Japan. These factors are illustrated in following way One of the vital socio-cultural factors that affects the craft beer business in this nation is changing consumers preferences. As the craft beer falls under the luxury good, the consumers preference matters the most to the firms in this industry. It has been seen from the recent study that the preference of the consumers has changed over the last few years. Moreover, different styles as well as priorities of the consumers help the firms in producing the beer product accordingly. Hence, this facilitates the firms in attaining the customers loyalty and trust. Variation in demographics has also been considered as the vital factor in the global business market. This means that changes in gender proportion and various religious as well as ethnic groups also have significant influence on the craft beer industry. Japan is one of the densely populated country in the globe (Craig Campbell, 2012). The size of population and density of this nation is extreme and this significantly impacts on the business in host of areas. It has been noted from the recent statistics that increase in total population in Japan positively affects the business growth. This is because the demand of beer products increases owing to increase in population in Japan. Moreover, gender variation also does not affect this industry as both the female and male persons consume this product. Advertising method are closely related with the socio-cultural changes. The firms focus on the rivalries action and target customers before advertising the product in the market (Cai Yang, 2014). As there is huge middle class consumers base in this nation, the craft beer firms of this nation chooses to promote the products both in traditional as well as online mediums. In addition, this enhances the growth of each firm in this industry. However, the business owner of craft beer industry should understand the appeal of Jaapnese that dwell in the community in that place where the firms is to site. Now, they plan their advertising method accordingly in order to conform to their peoples language. Internal business environment The interaction of the craft beer company with its customers and stakeholders also influences the decision making procedure of the organizations. The firms in this industry choose to interact with their customers through online mediums (Babatunde Adebisi, 2013). In addition, the decisions of the stakeholders are taken into account while producing new types of beer product. However, the internal business environment in this industry has been quite good and hence this helps the company in expanding their business. Communication means refers to the communication style of the employees of firms through which they interact with their customers. People from different countries are hired by this craft beer industry of this country. In addition, the languages spoken by them help in interacting with the customers in order to attain feedback on each product. The purchasing power of the consumer also influences the business organization. As this industry has huge middle class customers base, the firms in this industry sets the price of each type of beer product by focusing on their purchasing power. This facilitates the firms in increasing their overall sales and maximizing profit. Moreover, this strategy helps the craft beer firms in enhancing their financial performance over the years. Each firms in this industry tries to provide knowledge about the products to their customers. For this, the education of the customers matters the most. Highly educated person tries to achieve knowledge about the various types of beer product before purchasing it (Aronczyk, 2013). However, if the consumers do not have any education, then this faces difficulties to the firms as lots of time of the employees engages into explaining about the product. The players in this industry invest their timer in educating the customers for informing them the best method in consuming this product. In Japan, the two main social drivers behind this increasing trend of craft beer are accessibility of the products as well as information through internet and varying taste of the Japanese. The bulk of consumers of craft beer are younger age, which is below 40 years and they consumes this product as social trend by obtaining information through social trend. Most importantly, the craft beer industry in Japan has been attracting international brewers those who are committed to this industrys long terms future (Aquilani et al., 2013). Due to advancement of technology over the last few years, the Japanese order this product through online mode. The changing taste of Japanese people affects this industry in positive way. This means that changing consumers palate forces the industry in producing different flavors, which provide their customers utter satisfaction. Recommendation on which Japan can be potentially attractive for expansion of business Although the craft beer industry in Japan has been booming over the last few years, it is basically a fraction of the beer market (Alexander, 2013). The recommendation on which Japan can be potentially attractive to the Australian craft beer industry for expanding their business are given as under- As the industry is building up organizational capabilities as well as production capacities, it improves their business operation Maintaining close relation with both the domestic suppliers as well as consumers helps the industry in attaining higher profitability As this nation has various treaties with other nations, the foreign investors invest huge amount in this industry that further enhances their productivity As sales tax is high in this nation, this industry maximizes profit in every product This nation has favorable business environment Ageing population growth offers new opportunities to the business for development of product and providing quality service Low rate of interest and high purchasing power Furthermore, the Australian craft beer industry must focus on both the economic environment and socio-cultural trends before expanding their business in Japan. Conclusion At present, Japan has been experiencing the beginning of its second phase of microbrew boom through their renewed interest of consumers, convergence of craft brewers, increasing cost of import. This is making the craft beers of this nation more affordable for their customers. Huge number of craft brewers in this industry attempts in venturing overseas by building capabilities for meeting domestic as well as global demand for this product. From the above study, it can be concluded that the economic environment and socio-cultural trends are favorable for doing business in this nation. Advancement of technology in the craft beer industry helps the firms in enhancing productivity. Moreover, inclusion of customers in development of products decision making procedure facilitates in improving their product quality. In addition, other competitors in the market create huge competition within the industry. As a result, this helps the firms in developing good quality and innovative product. Thi s development of new product helps in attracting new customers in business, which in turn leads to higher profit. Foreign investment also expands the business in the global market. References Alexander, J. W. (2013).Brewed in Japan: The evolution of the Japanese beer industry. UBC Press. Aquilani, B., Laureti, T., Poponi, S., Secondi, L. (2015). Beer choice and consumption determinants when craft beers are tasted: An exploratory study of consumer preferences.Food quality and preference,41, 214-224. Aronczyk, M. (2013).Branding the nation: The global business of national identity. Oxford University Press. Babatunde, B. O., Adebisi, A. O. (2012). Strategic Environmental Scanning and Organization Performance in a Competitive Business Environment.Economic Insights-Trends Challenges,64(1). Boj, J., Mler, K. G., Unemo, L. (2013).Environment and development: an economic approach(Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Cai, S., Yang, Z. (2014). On the relationship between business environment and competitive priorities: The role of performance frontiers.International Journal of Production Economics,151, 131-145. Craig, T., Campbell, D. (2012).Organisations and the business environment. Routledge. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2014).Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Ferraro, G. P., Briody, E. K. (2017).The cultural dimension of global business. Taylor Francis. Hamilton, L., Webster, P. (2015).The international business environment. Oxford University Press, USA. Harrison, A. (2013).Business environment in a global context. Oxford University Press. Hede, A. M., Watne, T. (2013). Leveraging the human side of the brand using a sense of place: Case studies of craft breweries.Journal of Marketing Management,29(1-2), 207-224. Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Hoalst-Pullen, N., Patterson, M. W., Mattord, R. A., Vest, M. D. (2014). Sustainability trends in the regional craft beer industry. InThe geography of beer(pp. 109-116). Springer Netherlands. Kew, J., Stredwick, J. (2017).Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan Page Publishers. Kleban, J., Nickerson, I. (2012). To brew, or not to brew-That is the question: An analysis of competitive forces in the craft brew industry.Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies,18(3), 59. Kose, M. A., Otrok, C., Prasad, E. (2012). Global business cycles: convergence or decoupling?.International Economic Review,53(2), 511-538. Kumar, V., Gaur, A. S., Pattnaik, C. (2012). Product diversification and international expansion of business groups.Management International Review,52(2), 175-192. Lambert, D. M., Schwieterman, M. A. (2012). Supplier relationship management as a macro business process.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(3), 337-352. Murray, D. W., O'Neill, M. A. (2012). Craft beer: Penetrating a niche market.British Food Journal,114(7), 899-909. Olajire, A. A. (2012). The brewing industry and environmental challenges.Journal of cleaner production. Panayotou, T. (2016). Economic growth and the environment.The environment in anthropology, 140-148. Popescu, G. H. (2013). Macroeconomics, effective leadership, and the global business environment.Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice,5(2), 170. Prajogo, D. I. (2016). The strategic fit between innovation strategies and business environment in delivering business performance.International Journal of Production Economics,171, 241-249. Schuster, P., Uhrig-Homburg, M. (2013). The term structure of bond market liquidity conditional on the economic environment: An analysis of government guaranteed bonds. Wetherly, P., Otter, D. (Eds.). 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Historical Essay The Bubonic Plague Example For Students

Historical Essay The Bubonic Plague Rana Kundu Introduction Plague, was a term that was applied in the Middle Ages to all fatal epidemic diseases, but now it is only applied to an acute, infectious, contagious disease of rodents and humans, caused by a short, thin, gram-negative bacillus. In humans, plague occurs in three forms: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, and septicemic plague. The best known form is the bubonic plague and it is named after buboes, or enlarged, inflamed lymph nodes, which are characteristics of the plague in the groin or neck or armpit. Bubonic plague can only be transmitted by the bite of any of numerous insects that are normally parasitic on rodents and that seek new hosts when the original host dies. If the plague is left untreated it is fatal in thirty to seventy five percent of all cases. Mortality in treated cases is only five to ten percent. History Of The Bubonic Plague The origin of the bubonic plague is unknown but it may have started in Africa or India. Colonies of infected rats were established in Northern India, many years ago. Some of these rodents had infected traders on the route between the Middle East and China. After 1330 the plague had invaded China. From China it was transferred westward by traders and Mongol armies in the 14th century. While these traders were travelling westward they followed a more northerly route through the grasslands of what is now Russia, thus establishing a vast infected rodent population there. In 1346 the disease reached Crimea and found its way to Europe in 1347. The outbreak in Europe was a devastating one, which resulted in more than 25 million deaths-about twenty five percent of the continents whole population. After that the plague reappeared irregularly in many European cities until the early 18th century, when it suddenly stopped there. No explanation has ever been given for the plagues rapid disappearance. Symptoms and Causes The first symptoms of the bubonic plague are headache, vomiting, nausea, aching joints and a feeling of ill health. The lymph nodes of the groin or of the armpit or neck suddenly start to become swollen and painful. The pulse and respiration rate of a bubonic plague victim is increased, and the victim will become listless and exhausted. The buboes will swell until they are approximately the size of a chicken egg. If a case is nonfatal than the temperature will begin to fall in about five days, and approaches normal in about two weeks, but in fatal cases death will probably occur within four days. Yersinia Pestis, an infectious agent is the cause of the Bubonic Plague. Yersina Pestis is a bacteria, which means the cells lack the internal organization of eukaryotic cells. These bacteria cells would contain the membrane but they would not be able to subdivide the inside of the cell. These bacteria cells do not have a nucleus so instead they have a nucleiod that contains genetic material. The two types of bacteria cells are gram-negative and gram-positive. Yersina Pestis is gra m negative and that means that antibiotics are less effective on the plague because of a lipopolysaccharide layer over their walls that adds extra protection. Lymphatic System The bubonic plague has a major impact on the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is made up of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid organs and circulating lymphocytes. Plague victims tend to have large bumps on their bodies which are called buboes. These are actually swollen lymph nodes filled with puss. The spread of the infection causes the lymph nodes to become hard and painful. The lymph nodes are heavily concentrated in the neck, armpits, and groin. When a person becomes ill these areas will begin to swell because the body needs to make a vast amount of white blood cells to fight off whatever pathogen has entered the body. To make all parts of the body function properly the electron transport chain is needed. Yersina pestis releases a toxin into the body that obstructs this function from occurring. Prevention and Treatment Many preventive measures can be used to reduce the spread of the plague (sanitation, killing of rats, prevention in transport of rats). Individuals who contract the disease are isolated, fed fluids and put to bed. During World War II, scientists using sulfa drugs were able to produce cures of plague. Since it is a bacteria, the bubonic plague can be treated with antibiotics. Tetracyline, Streptomycin, and Chloramphenicol are three of the antibiotics used to prevent plague. Sometimes, they are even mixed together to form an antibiotic cocktail. The plague can almost always be cured when it is recognized fast enough. Since the late 19th century bubonic plague vaccinations have been in use. There is a vaccine that can be taken in a six to month installment period, but there is a element of risk to this vaccination. This vaccination has been proven to be ineffective with people younger than eighteen and older than sixty. The side effects of this vaccination can sometimes result in death and therefore it is not a good idea to use it. Transmission During the Middle Ages, people did not have a clue as to why the plague was spreading so quickly. But now we know that the bubonic plague is spread by fleas. Yersina Pestis(bacteria) moves its way up to the upper digestive tract of the flea where it breeds and multiplies. The flea must find a new host and when it does the flea drinks its blood and regurgitates the bacteria into the host. This also infects the host. Therefore, the plague can be spread by any rodent or animal who could get fleas. As soon as the bacteria is regurgitated into the new host, it begins to multiply in lymphatic system and the blood stream. The bacteria attacks the whole body at once by travelling to the spleen, liver, brain, lungs and kidneys. IMPACT OF BUBONIC PLAGUE ON ENGLAND The bubonic plague struck England in 1665. Since, the occurrence of the plague was so unexpected only 14th century preventive measures could be t aken. The homeless people were the first to feel the great effects of the plague. They did not have any money and so when the plague struck them they were basically in a hopeless situation. Even the top physicians were affected by the bubonic plague. Many doctors had to take care of the plague victims and because the plague was contagious, the doctors also caught it. The disease spread rapidly amongst family. To try to prevent the outbreak of the plague the people began to burn fires in the streets to keep the air clean. Fires were also struck in sickrooms to destroy the clothing of deceased victims. They were also killing cats and dogs, because they were believed to be the cause of infection. Affect On Doctors Most doctors, during the outbreak of the plague were afraid to visit the patients because they did not want to risk the chance of themselves becoming infected by the disease. Many doctors fled the medical houses, while others were accused of killing their patients for money, or charging outrageous fees. The doctors believed that these accusations were based on resentment. The doctors also thought it was the rats tail which were the cause of the plague but they still did not have solid preventive measures. The doctors even suggested that standing over the latrine with an empty stomach and smelling it for hours was a good remedy to cure the plague. .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .postImageUrl , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:hover , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:visited , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:active { border:0!important; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:active , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare wrote Henry V in 1599, at the time of Queen Elizabeth"s reign Essay