Aggregate Demand And Aggregate Supply Model - 806 Words

Aggregate demand and aggregate supply model is considering about the economy as a whole and used to explain how national income is determined. (economicsonline, 2016) Aggregate demand is the total demand for the economy scarce resources at a given price level and in a given period of time. It includes export(I), government spending(G), investment(X), some of consumer spending and less imports from aboard(M). The formula is AD= C+I+G+X-M. (economicsonline, 2016) Apart from imports, AD is related with price, so, C, I G and X are have different elasticity with the general level of prices. As shown below, in the short run, if price level decrease, GDP will expand, if price level increase, GDP will contract. The reasons lead to aggregate demand†¦show more content†¦The first one is prices and wages do not respond quickly to change in demand or supply. Another one is firms are often slow to adjust wages. If price level rise, it causes firms are more profitable with same wage, so f irms can hire more employees which lead to the increase of output. The third one is changing firms’ based prices to account for an unexpected increase in the price level can be costly. (Parker, 2014) Because the economy as a whole, AD and AS interact can influence level of price and level of output in the country. Change in AD will lead to change in real GDP, change in real GDP will lead to change in AS, change in AS will change price level. As shown in figure 2, when aggregate demand equal to aggregate supply, the output level Y and price level P will achieve an equilibrium. Change in AS and AD will lead to important effects on unemployment, inflation and price. In short rum, if price level below P, there are more demand than supply, firms will increase production and rise prices to earn more profit, so the excess demand will cause price level back up to the equilibrium level. If price level was above P, some goods and services will surplus, in order to sell more to earn a profit, firms will reduce their prices, or, firms will produce less to decrease loss. Finally, price level will come back to P, macroeconomic equilibrium achieved. (Colin and Susan, 2015) Figure 2 Macroeconomic equilibrium (source: Colin and Susan,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Aggregate Demand And The Aggregate Supply Model Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesThe aggregate demand and the aggregate supply model is a macroeconomics model that explains price level and real output through the relationship of aggregate demand and supply. The aggregate demand curve consist of consumption(C), investment (I), government spending (G), net export (NX). The question caused by monetary expansion. In this essay, it analysis monetary policy, Philips curve which relation between inflation and unemployment.it draws conclusion and apply the theory into two countries whichRead MoreAggregate Demand and Supply Models1095 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Aggregate Demand and Supply Models ECO/372 Aggregate Demand and Supply Models The following report will detail out the current state of the U.S. Economy. The report will discuss the following: * Current economic state in regards to unemployment, expectations, consumer income and interest rates * The existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply * Fiscal policies that are currently being recommended by government leadershipRead MoreAggregate Demand and Supply Model - Economic Advisement Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesAggregate Demand and Supply Model Economic Advisement With a nominal GDP estimated at more than 15 trillion it is clearly the United States economy is one of the largest in the world. A person must have lived in a cave underground for the past several years to not know that the current state of the nation’s economy is in desperate need of improvement. Many academic institutions have thought about how the economy arrived at its current state and how can it be restored. Some would advocate not usingRead MoreWeek 3, Learning Team - Aggregate Demand and Supply Models - Economic Critique1634 Words   |  7 PagesAn Economic Critique of Aggregate Demand and Supply Models An Economic Critique of Aggregate Demand and Supply Models The recent fall of the United States economy has created a society of fear, insecurity, and doubtful investors, retirees, and consumers world-wide. Economists from around the world have come together to solve world-wide economic issues and bring stability back to businesses, households, and the government. Economics teaches you how to approach problems; it does not provide whatRead MoreWhy Aggregate Demand Shifts : Anonymous Student Essay725 Words   |  3 PagesWhy Aggregate Demand Shifts Anonymous student University of the People Why Aggregate Demand Shifts Today under review, is the study of shifting aggregate demand models and reasons why shifts occurs. We shall also discuss shifts in short run aggregate supply and possible causes for those shifts as well. (AmosWeb, 2014) This model above shows a downward facing aggregate demand curve, the aggregate demand is always represented by a downward slope. The downward slope represents aggregate demandRead MoreAs/Ad Model1332 Words   |  6 PagesMacroeconomics – Chapter 10: The Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model * Keynesian Economics – Economists who focused on the short run * John Maynard Keynes - their leading advocate * the originator of macroeconomics as a separate discipline from micro * Classical Economists – economists who focused on long-run issues such as growth * Aggregate Demand Management – government’s attempt to control the aggregate level of spending in the economy * Equilibrium IncomeRead MoreMonetary Policies And Monetary Policy Essay1309 Words   |  6 Pagespolicies Monetary policies are strategies used by the central bank, financial regulatory committee of currency board to regulate the amount of money supply in the economy. There are two types of monetary policies. These are expansionary monetary policies and contractionary monetary policies. Expansionary monetary policies entails increasing money supply in the economy. Expansionary monetary policies affect macroeconomic variables differently. It leads to reduction of unemployment, increases consumerRead MoreDifference Between Aggregate Demand And The Price Level1747 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion (3) A) What is Aggregate Demand? Aggregate demand is the total amount that all consumers, businesses, government agencies, and foreigners spend on final goods and services. Aggregate demand is represented by the aggregate-demand curve, and it describes the relationship between price levels and the quantity of output that firms are willing to provide. Aggregate demand is not a fixed number because it depends on the price level. The relationship between aggregate demand and the price level normallyRead MoreClassical Vs. Keynesian Models Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesClassical vs Keynesian models Two economic models of thought are classical and Keynesian models. Each model takes a diverse approach to the economic education of financial policy, buyer behavior, and government spending. The classical model, which traces its origins to the 1770s, was the first systematic attempt to explain the determinants of the price level and the national levels of real GDP, employment, consumption, savings, and investments. Classical economist Adam Smith and others assumed thatRead MoreMeasuring Price Sensitivity And The Macroeconomic Environment Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pageseach category listed below, as businesses, in particular, XYZ Company, must use microeconomic principles to make and validate decisions based on the following factors: price elasticity, consumer choices, production and costs, supply and demand, aggregate supply and aggregate demand, and macroeconomic measurements. Microeconomic principles aligned with macroeconomics, enable businesses to understand the behavior of ind ividual business units and an organization, to predict, plan and achieve success. Elasticity

Essay Can Intelligent Design be Empirically Proven

There are diverse embodiments of counterfeit science, cheap science, and deviant science. Over time, mankind has seen the rise and fall of various scientific fields of study. However, none ever seem to vanish completely. Humanity’s views of the flat earth, astrology, crop circles, ancient astronauts, and perpetual motion continue to gain advocates even today. These are compelling paradigms of how human beings possess the ability to hold on to various forms of reasoning without any use of appurtenant evidence. With that being said, the matter of intelligent design and its counterparts, Darwinism, evolution and creationism, are noteworthy topics to discuss. For centuries, there have existed two major rival conjectures surrounding the†¦show more content†¦The study asseverates that the universe has developed strictly with the supervision of an ingenious force. The ultimate claim is that it is by this intelligent force that we can truly explain the complexity and multiplicity that we descry today. Ponder on this question, how does intelligent design describe the origins of life? Does the concept of intelligent design correspond with the structure of what a scientific theory should be, or should society discard the study and see it as nothing more than a religious article of faith encased in a scientific cloak? Well, according to Stafford Betty, author of the article, Intelligent Design Theory Belongs in the Science Classroom, â€Å"Intelligent design theory is not based on the Bible or any other scripture. It is not creationism in disguise, as opponents of intelligent design misleadingly claim. Intelligent design accepts evoluti on as a fact† (23). Even though many proponents of intelligent design agree on the idea that evolution is indeed a fact, it does not accept the ideology of Darwinism (Betty, 23). Darwinism and evolution is not the same thing. According to Maynard, author of the book, Evolution Now: A Century after Darwin, Darwinism only provides us explanations of how certain species respond to environmental challenges (Maynard, 7). This means that â€Å"Darwin’s theory of evolution provides us withShow MoreRelatedEssay about Creation and Evolution: An Eternal Debate1597 Words   |  7 Pagesfoundations of certain religions generally becomes difficult. Darwinism, in relation to religious beliefs can become controversial; some say they can coexist and some say they cannot. Darwinism was not intended to be anti-religious, but religious activist have criticized the belief since On The Origin of Species was published in 1859. Common ground between the two subjects is a very rough place, but it can be achieved. 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The law is the Law of Conservation of Matter, which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. However, the second premise has had much controversy. How does one know that the w orld began to exist, instead of it always existing? There is plenty of science to prove it. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states thatRead MoreEmpiricism and Rationalism Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pagesnon-scientific persons. This is just one manner in which empiricism has â€Å"proved inadequate to explain many important human ideas†. (Nash, 1999, page 254) I believe that human truth is in a combination of empiricism and rationalism. Although, sensory data can inform us of the external world; yet, reason gives humanity access to equally important intangibles. For an example, I have a twenty two year old son who was diagnosed with autism at four years of age; I would tell the physicians about my son andRead MoreThe Argument For God s Existence And Nature2146 Words   |  9 Pagesit is meant to mean from before experience. These kinds of arguments are arguments that anyone can come to see as being true from the comfort of your bed and does not require any examination of the real word. In other words, Philo views Deamea argument as an argument that does not require empirical information. An example of a priori knowledge is the statement, â€Å"all bachelors are unmarried.† Anyone can come to this conclusion by reason alone because bachelors are people that are not unmarried. TheRead MoreEssay about A Philoshpical Approach to Proving the Existence of God4013 Words   |  17 Pagesresult in our salvation. Now Natural Theology is our knowledge of God that one ascertains through natural reasoning, or reasoning that is unaided by speci al revelations. Saint Thomas noted that this type of reasoning can provide knowledge of God’s nature, or even prove his existence, but can never result in the person attaining salvation for as he states, even demons know that God exists. A note must be made before we press on; as one might notice Natural Theology is akin to philosophy of religion inRead MoreMens Rea The Writing Style and Feminism of Lakambini Sitoy7010 Words   |  29 Pages MENS REA: THE WRITING STYLE AND FEMINISM OF LAKAMBINI SITOY A Thesis Design presented to Dr. Lito Diones, Ed. D. Of the Graduate School of Literature, Communication, and Other Languages School of Arts and Sciences Cebu Normal University In Partial Fulfillment of Lit 4007 Masterpieces of Filipino Writers Farina Dianne C. 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The analysis of current situation of Beiersdorf has many uncertainty due to the rapidly change of business trend, customer taste and fast growing competitors. However, implementation of the strategic management model can help the company to identify its position and build the effective strategyRead MoreThe Role of Ict in Banking Operations13419 Words   |  54 Pagesoperational costs. x. Make recommendations based on the research findings. 1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES In order to achieve the stated objectives of this study the following two null (H0) and corresponding alternative (H1) hypotheses will be tested empirically; i. H0: Information and Communications Technology has no impact on bank services in terms of customer satisfaction. H1: Information Technology has positive impact on bank services in terms of customer satisfaction. ii. H0: Information Technology

Philosophy Of Life And Education Education Essay Free Essays

string(34) " with net income as the lone end\." The delay and grueling hours of survey and fulfilment of academic demands will shortly be over. I meet the chance of graduating from this University with a grade in Business Finance with assorted feelings. First, there is alleviation that all the hours that I have put in order to accomplish this stepping rock into the universe of concern have eventually paid off. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy Of Life And Education Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second, there is pride that I was able to carry through so much non merely academically but besides for my ain personal development within the continuance of my class in the University. Third, there is besides the fright that I feel comes of course to every alumnus as he steps out of a familiar environment and into an unfamiliar one. I know, along with every alumnus this twelvemonth, that the existent universe of work will be much tougher than the academia. However, I am confident that with my strong background in broad instruction and in my field of specialisation, I will be able to see my ends to fruition. There are three primary ends in my life at this peculiar clip which emphasize on household, personal, and societal duties. My first end is to take a successful calling as a man of affairs as I fulfill the household duty of pull offing the household concern. Having come from a traditional Eastern household, I am expected to take over the reins of the concern which my ascendants have labored to set up in order to procure the demands of the household. When I graduate, I will apprentice under my male parent until I have adequate experience to personally run the palm oil concern that my household owns. In my civilization, household ever comes foremost. This is my manner of honouring all the forfeits that my parents have done for me in order to supply me with a nice life and an first-class instruction. As my parents progress in age, it is the duty of the kids to take attention of them in their retirement. This is why my first major end at this point in my life is to instantly use all that I have learned to back up my household and prolong our support. My 2nd end is of a personal nature. Finally, I want to prosecute a alumnus grade in order to heighten my cognition in concern direction. Obtaining a maestro ‘s grade in concern disposal in the close hereafter will be of great aid to me professionally. On a personal degree, I recognize that larning does non stop and must be pursued continually. In add-on to executing the duties that one ‘s household expects of you, one should besides see one ‘s personal growing and development as a major end. My 3rd end relates to societal duty in relation to concern as a profession. During several categories I attended, I learned and appreciated the duty for concerns to do a positive impact to the community. I consider it an duty particularly for concerns rooted in the environment, like the oil concern. I had frequently considered puting up a scholarship fund for qualified yet disadvantaged kids in my community. There are many who are deprived of the basic demands in life such as instruction that need aid from those who can supply it for them. I do non believe that the impact of my instruction should interpret into doing the most addition for the benefit of the household concern I will shortly pull off. Rather, as Wood ( 1999 ) stated, the societal duty of concerns includes the designation and rating of concern results non sole of fiscal profitableness or a company ‘s wellbeing but by rules such as moralss and societal desirableness. I believe that ethical behavior of concern and profitableness are non reciprocally sole. Ethical motives and societal duty encouragement concern while at the same clip lending positively to the society in general. I recognize of class, that the universe is undergoing several societal, economic and political turbulences. The recent planetary crises and the outstanding dirts affecting planetary corporations Enron and AIG have had several deductions for the universe of concern. Political differences all over the universe – the Israeli-Palestine struggle, terrorist act, the atomic menace posed by Iran and North Korea, and the crude oil wars – affect lives and concerns around the universe. Peace remains elusive. Without peace, the chance of economic and societal development becomes even dimmer. Furthermore, the job of clime alteration besides presents several deductions for concerns including the concern that I will shortly take. Erratic conditions forms lead to drought, torrential rains, landslides, storms and works disease which will impact the palm oil concern negatively. My hopes for the universe within the following five decennaries are many. First, I look frontward to a more sus tainable and greenish universe. Because of my engagement in the palm oil industry, I feel that I can make my portion in conveying this about. In the palm oil concern, the environment is ever a primary concern. Palm oil companies are invariably pressured by environmental groups to cut down their environmental impact, which I think is merely fitting since the industry itself relies on sustainable environments to do their concerns grow. I believe that palm oil concerns should endeavor to implement schemes that would do palm cultivation work harmoniously and non negatively with the environment. Aside from saving and re-afforestation attempts, there should besides be clear waies in research and development to come up with ways for sustainable palm oil cultivation and to develop environmentally-friendly fuel. The palm oil industry presently presents an alternate to ozone-harmful crude oil energy with biodiesel and oleo-chemicals. It is of import that these attempts are carried on for the benefit of a greener universe. Second, I besides hope for a more socially responsible concern sector. One of the most dramatic realisations I had while in college is the judgement that most concerns operate with net income as the lone end. You read "Philosophy Of Life And Education Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Several industries around the Earth have left devastated environments, deforested lands, and polluted Waterss. Furthermore, corruptness and maliciousness besides hound the corporate sector following the recent batch of dirts affecting the top foreman of fiscal corporations. I feel that supplying an illustration to other concern leaders and concern proprietors on working ethically in the behavior of one ‘s concern will be important. In this mode, I feel I can someday lend to making a more socially responsible concern sector. However wishful I am to see this hope realized, I recognize that most business communities refuse to take the ethical position. I be lieve that the perceptual experience of many in the concern sector is that net income is the primary purpose, the societal duty ends are simply optional. I believe that non being able to determine future concern leaders to go more socially sensitive is a defect of modern twenty-four hours instruction. Education in the schoolroom has failed to interpret into work forces and adult females who care about the universe and who are capable of looking at things from a larger position. This is one of the chief grounds I am thankful that my college instruction has become an empowering experience for me. In the past, I used to be apathetic to the events that form and reshape the universe. My involvement has merely been self-preservation and self-advancement. The twenty-four hours I stepped into the university, I resolved that I will make everything I can to stand out and do my household proud of me. However, the lessons and classs I have taken have forced me to re-evaluate my ain ends and positions in life. As C.S. Lewis stated, the emancipating character of instruction transforms a pupil from â€Å" an stubborn small package of appetencies â €  toward â€Å" the good adult male and the good citizen † ( qtd. in Dunn 1 ) . As I graduate, I hope to go that adult male C.S. Lewis was mentioning to. A college instruction has done so much in pitching me towards that way. First, a college instruction has developed my ability to believe independently. Because of the diverse lessons that I have learned inside the schoolroom, from the humanistic disciplines, doctrine, political scientific discipline, and economic sciences, I have become person who can believe for himself. Before, I used to organize no sentiments about most things or issues. Yet, a college instruction has made me more opinionative and comparatively free from the confines of traditional or conventional thought. Second, it has made me more critical of the sentiments of others as good. The inclination for pupils or kids is to trust on the wisdom of those who are more experient than they are. As I learned more and endeavoured to educate myself on issues that impact me as a citizen, I found that I no longer cleaving to what my parents or equals say and think. The more sceptered my head has become, the more I can show myself. Third, a college instruction has besides led me to appreciate diverse ness in assorted signifiers. The authorization that comes from instruction allows us to see the universe from a wider lens. By larning about different civilizations, theories, and contexts, I have become more occupied to the survey of history and civilization. I admit that, being of Eastern descent, I carry with me several biass and preconceived impressions about people, events, and issues. The more I learned, nevertheless, the more I realized that I was incorrectly in most of these beliefs. I have besides developed the accomplishment to set things into the proper context and justice with an unfastened and critical head. A college instruction has besides helped me understand the universe better. It has opened my eyes to a diverse set of doctrines and accounts of phenomena that I have ne’er even dared to cognize approximately. Before I started college, many things remained cryptic or dazing to me. For case, I failed to understand why Islamic extremism exists and why people would make hideous Acts of the Apostless such as suicide bombardment. I besides could non appreciate why there are feminist motions around the universe and why generative rights is such a immense issue. Because these subjects were discussed in category, my eyes were opened for the first clip. Although I admit that taking it all in posed a great trouble, the of import thing was, unlike in the past where I was blind to such issues or phenomena, I have now learned an account for them. I enjoyed most of the assigned readings and besides exhausted clip reading books that were of a personal involvement to me. Possibly the most memorable book and philosopher I greatly appreciate and find inspirational is Nobel Prize laureate Bertrand Russell and his books, including his autobiographies. I admire his glare and his echt concern for the human race, with this quotation mark from The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell: Three passions, simple but overpoweringly strong, have governed my life: the yearning for love, the hunt for cognition, and intolerable commiseration for the agony of world. These passions, like great air currents, have blown me hither and thither, in a contrary class, over a deep ocean of anguish, making to the really brink of desperation. aˆÂ ¦ This has been my life. I have found it deserving life, and would lief populate it once more if the opportunity were offered me ( Russell 3-4 ) . Russell ‘s eternal captivation with the human spirit is something I wish for myself. With all my experiences in college, I feel the demand to construct on that cognition more and more. In the past, I could see myself a inactive scholar. Largely, I take in whatever is being taught but ne’er truly do an attempt to understand or appreciate it. I besides consider myself a lazy reader, sing it a load to bury myself in a few pages of books and analyse its contents. My strong suit has ever been in Numberss and mathematics. My life in college has changed the manner I take in cognition. When I majored in finance, I was able to appreciate how Numberss and mathematic calculations are being applied in concern. This made me more interested and more committed to my specialisation. Furthermore, I have found myself prosecuting others when discoursing societal issues and showing my sentiment when I have something to state. These betterments with myself and my methods of larning I can imp ute to the broad instruction provided to me and the inspiration I derived from the books and philosophers I have read. A broad instruction creates the all-around person. This is what it means to me. Broad instruction plants under the premiss that the ultimate end adult male is to go â€Å" to the full human. † To be to the full human requires non merely that work forces can be able to believe but to interpret this thought into the public presentation of our responsibilities as members of society. Hence, broad instruction does non restrict itself to the remarkable undertaking of preparation persons for the work force. While fiting people with the accomplishments they need for future employment, broad instruction, harmonizing to C.S. Lewis ( 1999 ) , â€Å" conserves civilisation by bring forthing sensible work forces and responsible citizens † ( p. 18 ) . This is after all, what sets us apart from the animate beings. Men should move non merely out of the demand for self-preservation and needs satisfaction, they should be able to be free from basic appetencies and utilize their head to ju dge what is right and incorrect for them and for society. Before, I failed to appreciate why I need to take classs in political scientific discipline or sociology or doctrine – topics which I felt were irrelevant to my major in concern finance. I realized subsequently on that an instruction with a strong background in broad humanistic disciplines provides a more comprehensive position of the universe and completes the partial position provided by one field of specialisation. If I focused on one country of cognition, my position of the universe is uncomplete. My capacity to believe critically, justice, and move upon that judgement would be limited because I lack the information demand to do wiser determinations. Hence, I began to look at my major as merely one piece of the mystifier and that cognition requires several pieces to be patched together. Several of these pieces could merely be completed with general cognition provided by a broad humanistic disciplines instruction. Broad humanistic disciplines provides all-around instruction by giving pupils a diverse organic structure of cognition and the critical thought, analytic and scrutiny accomplishments to set these thoughts into their proper context and do sense out of them. Decidedly, the broad humanistic disciplines classs I took had a liberating consequence on me. As I earlier stated, I used to look at the universe in mere Numberss and mathematics. I cared less for what was go oning around me – in the societal and political environment. As a consequence, I had several prejudices and biass which were a contemplation of my hapless background in general cognition. In this mode, instruction as a whole has become non merely necessary, but meaningful to my future profession and to my personal life. After I graduate from college, I intend to prosecute a maestro ‘s grade in order to go a fiscal analyst. I expect to read several books in finance and concern disposal. Along with these required books, I besides intend to read on moralss, doctrine and the environment to assist me accomplish the three major ends I have set for myself as I graduate from college. I want to be a good man of affairs non merely in footings of the profitableness and productiveness of my concern but because of how ethically sound I conduct my concern. My personal mission statement in one sentence is: To go to the full human and being a positive force in society by populating with honestness, compassion, and duty. In the professional sense, I want to be able to take the household concern with efficiency and profitableness while adhering to the ethical criterions and rules required of socially responsible concerns. I want to lend, in my capacity as a future man of affairs and fiscal analyst, to a greener and more sustainable Earth by advancing environmental-friendly policies and researches. Furthermore, I want to put an illustration for the concern sector in making concern responsibly. How to cite Philosophy Of Life And Education Education Essay, Essay examples

Hydrologic Cycle Essay Example For Students

Hydrologic Cycle Essay HYDROLOGIC CYCLE The hydrologic cycle is a constant movement of water above, on, and below the earths surface. It is a cycle that replenishes ground water supplies. It begins as water vaporizes into the atmosphere from vegetation, soil, lakes, rivers, snowfields and oceans-a process called evapotranspiration. As the water vapor rises it condenses to form clouds that return water to the land through precipitation: rain, snow, or hail. Precipitation falls on the earth and either percolates into the soil or flows across the ground. Usually it does both. When precipitation percolates into the soil it is called infiltration when it flows across the ground it is called surface run off. The amount of precipitation that infiltrates, versus the amount that flows across the surface, varies depending on factors such as the amount of water already in the soil, soil composition, vegetation cover and degree of slope. Surface runoff eventually reaches a stream or other surface water body where it is again evaporated into the atmosphere. Infiltration, however, moves under the force of gravity through the soil. If soils are dry, water is absorbed by the soil until it is thoroughly wetted. Then excess infiltration begins to move slowly downward to the water table. Once it reaches the water table, it is called ground water. Ground water continues to move downward and laterally through the subsurface. Eventually it discharges through hillside springs or seeps into streams, lakes, and the ocean where it is again evaporated to perpetuate the cycle. GROUND WATER AND SUBSURFACE WATER Most rock or soil near the earths surface is composed of solids and voids. The voids are spaces between grains of sand, or cracks in dense rock. All water beneath the land surface occurs within such void space sand is referred to as underground or subsurface water. Subsurface water occurs in two different zones. One zone, located immediately beneath the land surface in most areas, contains both water and air in the voids. This zone is referred to as the unsaturated zone. Other names for the unsaturated zone are zone of aeration and vadose zone. The unsaturated zone is almost always underlain by a second zone in which all voids are full of water. This zone is defined as the saturated zone. Water in the saturated zone is referred to as ground water and is the only subsurface water available to supply wells and springs. Water table is often misused as a synonym for ground water. However, the water table is actually the boundary between the unsaturated and saturated zones. It represents the upper surface of the ground water. Technically speaking, it is the level at which the hydraulic pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. The water level found in unused wells is often the same level as the water table. AQUIFERS An aquifer is a saturated geologic formation that will yield a usable quantity of water to a well or spring. Ground water occurs in aquifers under two conditions: confined and unconfined. A confined aquifer is overlain by a confining bed, such as an impermeable layer of clay or rock. An unconfined aquifer has no confining bed above it and is usually open to infiltration from the surface. Unconfined aquifers are often shallow and frequently overlie one or more confined aquifers. They are recharged through permeable soils and subsurface materials above the aquifer. Because they are usually the upper most aquifer, unconfined aquifers are also called water table aquifers. Confined aquifers usually occur at considerable depth and may over lie other confined aquifers. They are often recharged through cracks or opening sin impermeable layers above or below them. Confined aquifers in complex geological formations may be exposed at the land surface and can be directly recharged from infiltrating precipitation. Confined aquifers can also receive recharge from an adjacent highland area such as a mountain range. .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc , .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc .postImageUrl , .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc , .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc:hover , .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc:visited , .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc:active { border:0!important; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc:active , .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue913d46f104aaf8bd0dc491881fc51fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: CESAR CHAVEZ MURAL Essay Water in filtrating fractured rock in the mountains may flow downward and then move laterally into confined aquifers.WATER SUPPLY WELLS When water is withdrawn from a well, its water level drops. When the water level falls below the water level of the surrounding groundwater flows into the well. The rate of inflow increases until it equals the rate of withdrawal.The movement